East Pakistan - Revision history

imported>Cookiemonster101 at 23:30, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T23:30:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:30, 19 December 2025
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	'''East Pakistan''' was the eastern province of [[Pakistan]] from 1947 to 1971, situated on the [[Bay of Bengal]] and geographically separated from [[~~West~~ Pakistan]] ~~(present-day Pakistan)~~ by [[India]]. Following the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971, it is now known as [[Bangladesh]]. The history of East Pakistan is marked by political, linguistic, and economic disparities that ultimately led to the region's quest for independence.<ref>https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-independence-of-bangladesh-in-1971/</ref>		'''East Pakistan''' was the eastern province of [[Pakistan]] from 1947 to 1971, situated on the [[Bay of Bengal]] and geographically separated from [[Pakistan]] by [[India]]. Following the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971, it is now known as [[Bangladesh]]. The history of East Pakistan is marked by political, linguistic, and economic disparities that ultimately led to the region's quest for independence.<ref>https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-independence-of-bangladesh-in-1971/</ref>
	[[File:Map of East Pakistan on stamp.jpg\|thumb\|302x302px\|Map of East Pakistan]]		[[File:Map of East Pakistan on stamp.jpg\|thumb\|302x302px\|Map of East Pakistan]]

imported>Cookiemonster101 at 23:28, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T23:28:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:28, 19 December 2025
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	Bangladesh's creation ended the economic neglect and political marginalization that East Pakistan had experienced for years. The new nation embarked on a journey of rebuilding and development, establishing itself as a sovereign state with its own distinct identity.		Bangladesh's creation ended the economic neglect and political marginalization that East Pakistan had experienced for years. The new nation embarked on a journey of rebuilding and development, establishing itself as a sovereign state with its own distinct identity.

			==References==

	[[Category:Pakistan]]		[[Category:Pakistan]]
	[[Category:Pakistani provinces]]		[[Category:Pakistani provinces]]
	[[Category:Bangladesh]]		[[Category:Bangladesh]]

imported>Cookiemonster101 at 23:28, 18 December 2025

2025-12-18T23:28:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:28, 19 December 2025
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	~~{{Infobox former subdivision~~		'''East Pakistan''' was the eastern province of [[Pakistan]] from 1947 to 1971, situated on the [[Bay of Bengal]] and geographically separated from [[West Pakistan]] (present-day Pakistan) by [[India]]. Following the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971, it is now known as [[Bangladesh]]. The history of East Pakistan is marked by political, linguistic, and economic disparities that ultimately led to the region's quest for independence.<ref>https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/the-independence-of-bangladesh-in-1971/</ref>
	~~\| native_name = পূর্ব পাকিস্তান (Purbo Pakistan)~~		[[File:Map of East Pakistan on stamp.jpg\|thumb\|302x302px\|Map of East Pakistan]]
	~~\| common_name =~~ East Pakistan
	~~\| subdivision = Province~~
	~~\| nation = [[Pakistan]]~~
	~~\| era = Cold War~~
	~~\| status = Province~~ of ~~Pakistan~~
	~~\| year_start = 1955~~
	~~\| event_start =~~ [[~~One Unit (~~Pakistan~~)\|One Unit Policy~~]]
	~~\| year_end =~~ 1971
	~~\| event_end =~~ [[~~Bangladesh Liberation War]]~~
	~~\| event_post = Emergence~~ of ~~[[Bangladesh~~]]
	~~\| capital =~~ [[~~Dhaka]]~~
	~~\| largest_city = Dhaka~~
	~~\| languages = [[Bengali language\|Bengali]], [[Urdu language\|Urdu]]~~
	~~\| government_type = Provincial Government~~
	~~\| currency = [[Pakistani rupee~~]] (~~PKR)~~
	~~\| today = {{flag\|Bangladesh}}~~
	}}
	~~'''East Pakistan''' ({{lang~~-~~bn\|পূর্ব পাকিস্তান}}, ''Purbo~~ Pakistan'') ~~was a province of~~ [[~~Pakistan~~]] ~~from 1955 until 1971, covering~~ the ~~territory of modern-day~~ [[Bangladesh]]~~. It was created under Pakistan's~~ [[~~One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy~~]] ~~and was geographically separated from [[West~~ Pakistan]] by ~~about 1~~,~~600 kilometers of Indian territory~~.<ref>[https://www.~~britannica~~.~~com~~/~~place~~/East-Pakistan ~~Encyclopaedia Britannica:~~ East Pakistan]~~</ref>~~

	==~~History==~~		== Background ==
	~~===Formation=~~==		East Pakistan was created as a result of the partition of [[British India]] in 1947. The two geographically separated wings of [[Pakistan]], West Pakistan and East Pakistan, shared little in terms of language, culture, and economic interests. Urdu was chosen as the official language, which marginalized the Bengali-speaking majority in East Pakistan, leading to early tensions.
	East Pakistan was ~~established~~ in ~~1955 through the~~ [[~~One Unit (~~Pakistan~~)\|One Unit Policy~~]], ~~which merged~~ Pakistan~~'s provinces into two regions:~~ East Pakistan and ~~West Pakistan~~. ~~This policy aimed to centralize power but~~ was ~~criticized for marginalizing~~ East Pakistan.~~<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/asia/east-pakistan History.com: East Pakistan]</ref>~~

	==~~=Political~~ and Cultural ~~Tensions=~~==		== Linguistic and Cultural Divide ==
	~~Despite having a larger population, East Pakistan was underrepresented in the federal government.~~ The cultural ~~and linguistic~~ differences between ~~Bengali-speaking~~ East ~~Pakistan~~ and ~~Urdu-speaking~~ West Pakistan ~~exacerbated tensions~~. The ~~imposition~~ of Urdu as the ~~sole national~~ language ~~led~~ to the [[Bengali ~~Language Movement]] of the 1950s, during which several students were killed in protests on [[February 21, 1952]], now observed~~ as ~~[[International Mother Language Day]]~~.~~<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/observances/mother-language-day United Nations: International Mother Language Day]</ref>~~		The linguistic and cultural differences between East and West Pakistan were significant. The majority of the population in East Pakistan spoke Bengali, while Urdu was the official language. This linguistic divide became a focal point for political and cultural grievances, leading to demands for the recognition of Bengali as an official language.

	===Economic Disparities===		== Economic Disparities ==
	East Pakistan ~~contributed significantly~~ to ~~Pakistan's~~ economy through ~~its export of [[jute]]~~ and ~~[[tea]]~~, ~~but it received less~~ development ~~funding compared to~~ West Pakistan. ~~These~~ economic ~~inequalities~~ fueled ~~resentment among the people of East Pakistan~~.~~<ref>[https://www.economist.com/asia/2011/12/17/a-long-shadow The Economist: East and West Pakistan]</ref>~~		The economic policies of the Pakistani government also contributed to discontent in East Pakistan. Despite its significant contribution to the economy through industries and agriculture, the region felt marginalized as resources were often directed towards the development of West Pakistan. This economic disparity fueled calls for greater autonomy.

	==~~=Liberation War and Independence=~~==		== Political Unrest ==
	~~In the 1970 general elections,~~ the [[Awami League]] led by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] ~~won a majority~~, ~~but~~ political ~~power was not transferred, leading to widespread unrest~~. ~~On March 25, 1971~~, the ~~Pakistan Army launched [[Operation Searchlight]]~~ to suppress ~~the independence movement~~, ~~resulting in significant casualties and human rights abuses.<ref>[https://www.bbc~~.~~com/news/world-asia-16207201 BBC: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>~~		The discontent in East Pakistan took a political turn with the [[Bangladesh Awami League\|Awami League]], led by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], demanding autonomy for the region. The Six-Point Movement of 1966 sought more significant political and economic independence for East Pakistan. However, the government's response was to suppress these demands, further escalating tensions.

	The ~~conflict escalated into~~ the [[Bangladesh Liberation War~~]], and on December 16,~~ 1971, East Pakistan ~~emerged as the independent nation of [[Bangladesh]]~~.~~<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/event/Bangladesh-Liberation-War Encyclopaedia Britannica: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>~~		== Bangladesh Liberation War ==
			The culmination of the political, linguistic, and economic grievances was the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The military crackdown by the Pakistani government in response to demands for autonomy led to widespread atrocities, prompting the people of East Pakistan to declare independence.

	==~~Geography~~==		== Independence and Aftermath ==
	~~East Pakistan was located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, bordered by~~ [[~~India~~]] ~~to the west~~, ~~north~~, ~~and east, and~~ [[~~Myanmar~~]] to the ~~southeast~~. The ~~region was characterized by~~ the [[~~Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta~~]]~~, making it prone to flooding but also agriculturally fertile.<ref>[https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/science-and-data/geography/10731 Natural Resources: River Delta Systems]</ref>~~		The [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] concluded on December 16, 1971, with the surrender of Pakistani forces in [[Dhaka]]. East Pakistan emerged as the independent nation of Bangladesh, marking the end of the two-nation theory that led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947. The conflict had far-reaching geopolitical implications, reshaping the political landscape of [[South Asia\|South Asia.]]

	~~==Demographics==~~		Bangladesh's creation ended the economic neglect and political marginalization that East Pakistan had experienced for years. The new nation embarked on a journey of rebuilding and development, establishing itself as a sovereign state with its own distinct identity.
	~~The population of~~ East Pakistan ~~was predominantly [[Bengali people\|Bengali]], with~~ a ~~mix~~ of ~~[[Muslims]], [[Hindus]], [[Buddhists]],~~ and ~~[[Christians]]. The majority spoke [[Bengali language\|Bengali]]~~, ~~while [[Urdu]] was used in administrative and elite circles~~.~~<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/16/bangladesh-liberation-war The Guardian: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>~~

	~~==Legacy==~~		[[Category:Pakistan]]
	The legacy of East Pakistan remains significant in the history of Pakistan and Bangladesh. The struggles of East Pakistan contributed to the global discourse on self-determination, cultural identity, and language rights. The independence of Bangladesh also reshaped geopolitics in South Asia.<ref>[~~https~~:~~//www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/12/15/bangladesh-liberation-40-years-on Al Jazeera: Legacy of East~~ Pakistan]~~</ref>~~		[[Category:Pakistani provinces]]
			[[Category:Bangladesh]]
	~~==References==~~
	~~<references />~~

	~~==External Links==~~
	*[~~https~~:~~//www.britannica.com/place/East-Pakistan Encyclopaedia Britannica: East Pakistan~~]
	*[~~https://www.history.com/topics/asia/east-pakistan History.com: East Pakistan]~~
	*[~~https~~:~~//liberationwarbangladesh.net/~~ Bangladesh ~~Liberation War Archive~~]

Samiul at 11:37, 31 December 2024

2024-12-31T11:37:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:37, 31 December 2024
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	\| today = {{flag\|Bangladesh}}		\| today = {{flag\|Bangladesh}}
	}}		}}

	'''East Pakistan''' ({{lang-bn\|পূর্ব পাকিস্তান}}, ''Purbo Pakistan'') was a province of [[Pakistan]] from 1955 until 1971, covering the territory of modern-day [[Bangladesh]]. It was created under Pakistan's [[One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy]] and was geographically separated from [[West Pakistan]] by about 1,600 kilometers of Indian territory.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Pakistan Encyclopaedia Britannica: East Pakistan]</ref>		'''East Pakistan''' ({{lang-bn\|পূর্ব পাকিস্তান}}, ''Purbo Pakistan'') was a province of [[Pakistan]] from 1955 until 1971, covering the territory of modern-day [[Bangladesh]]. It was created under Pakistan's [[One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy]] and was geographically separated from [[West Pakistan]] by about 1,600 kilometers of Indian territory.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Pakistan Encyclopaedia Britannica: East Pakistan]</ref>

Parvej Husen Talukder at 07:58, 15 December 2024

2024-12-15T07:58:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:58, 15 December 2024
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	'''East Pakistan''' ({{lang-bn\|পূর্ব পাকিস্তান}}, ''Purbo Pakistan'') was a province of [[Pakistan]] from 1955 until 1971, covering the territory of modern-day [[Bangladesh]]. It was created under Pakistan's [[One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy]] and was geographically separated from [[West Pakistan]] by about 1,600 kilometers of Indian territory.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Pakistan Encyclopaedia Britannica: East Pakistan]</ref>		'''East Pakistan''' ({{lang-bn\|পূর্ব পাকিস্তান}}, ''Purbo Pakistan'') was a province of [[Pakistan]] from 1955 until 1971, covering the territory of modern-day [[Bangladesh]]. It was created under Pakistan's [[One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy]] and was geographically separated from [[West Pakistan]] by about 1,600 kilometers of Indian territory.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Pakistan Encyclopaedia Britannica: East Pakistan]</ref>

	== History ==		==History==
	=== Formation ===		===Formation===
	East Pakistan was established in 1955 through the [[One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy]], which merged Pakistan's provinces into two regions: East Pakistan and West Pakistan. This policy aimed to centralize power but was criticized for marginalizing East Pakistan.<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/asia/east-pakistan History.com: East Pakistan]</ref>		East Pakistan was established in 1955 through the [[One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy]], which merged Pakistan's provinces into two regions: East Pakistan and West Pakistan. This policy aimed to centralize power but was criticized for marginalizing East Pakistan.<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/asia/east-pakistan History.com: East Pakistan]</ref>

	=== Political and Cultural Tensions ===		===Political and Cultural Tensions===
	Despite having a larger population, East Pakistan was underrepresented in the federal government. The cultural and linguistic differences between Bengali-speaking East Pakistan and Urdu-speaking West Pakistan exacerbated tensions. The imposition of Urdu as the sole national language led to the [[Bengali Language Movement]] of the 1950s, during which several students were killed in protests on [[February 21, 1952]], now observed as [[International Mother Language Day]].<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/observances/mother-language-day United Nations: International Mother Language Day]</ref>		Despite having a larger population, East Pakistan was underrepresented in the federal government. The cultural and linguistic differences between Bengali-speaking East Pakistan and Urdu-speaking West Pakistan exacerbated tensions. The imposition of Urdu as the sole national language led to the [[Bengali Language Movement]] of the 1950s, during which several students were killed in protests on [[February 21, 1952]], now observed as [[International Mother Language Day]].<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/observances/mother-language-day United Nations: International Mother Language Day]</ref>

	=== Economic Disparities ===		===Economic Disparities===
	East Pakistan contributed significantly to Pakistan's economy through its export of [[jute]] and [[tea]], but it received less development funding compared to West Pakistan. These economic inequalities fueled resentment among the people of East Pakistan.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/asia/2011/12/17/a-long-shadow The Economist: East and West Pakistan]</ref>		East Pakistan contributed significantly to Pakistan's economy through its export of [[jute]] and [[tea]], but it received less development funding compared to West Pakistan. These economic inequalities fueled resentment among the people of East Pakistan.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/asia/2011/12/17/a-long-shadow The Economist: East and West Pakistan]</ref>

	=== Liberation War and Independence ===		===Liberation War and Independence===
	In the 1970 general elections, the [[Awami League]] led by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] won a majority, but political power was not transferred, leading to widespread unrest. On March 25, 1971, the Pakistan Army launched [[Operation Searchlight]] to suppress the independence movement, resulting in significant casualties and human rights abuses.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16207201 BBC: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>		In the 1970 general elections, the [[Awami League]] led by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] won a majority, but political power was not transferred, leading to widespread unrest. On March 25, 1971, the Pakistan Army launched [[Operation Searchlight]] to suppress the independence movement, resulting in significant casualties and human rights abuses.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16207201 BBC: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>

	The conflict escalated into the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], and on December 16, 1971, East Pakistan emerged as the independent nation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/event/Bangladesh-Liberation-War Encyclopaedia Britannica: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>		The conflict escalated into the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], and on December 16, 1971, East Pakistan emerged as the independent nation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/event/Bangladesh-Liberation-War Encyclopaedia Britannica: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>

	== Geography ==		==Geography==
	East Pakistan was located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, bordered by [[India]] to the west, north, and east, and [[Myanmar]] to the southeast. The region was characterized by the [[Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta]], making it prone to flooding but also agriculturally fertile.<ref>[https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/science-and-data/geography/10731 Natural Resources: River Delta Systems]</ref>		East Pakistan was located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, bordered by [[India]] to the west, north, and east, and [[Myanmar]] to the southeast. The region was characterized by the [[Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta]], making it prone to flooding but also agriculturally fertile.<ref>[https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/science-and-data/geography/10731 Natural Resources: River Delta Systems]</ref>

	== Demographics ==		==Demographics==
	The population of East Pakistan was predominantly [[Bengali people\|Bengali]], with a mix of [[Muslims]], [[Hindus]], [[Buddhists]], and [[Christians]]. The majority spoke [[Bengali language\|Bengali]], while [[Urdu]] was used in administrative and elite circles.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/16/bangladesh-liberation-war The Guardian: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>		The population of East Pakistan was predominantly [[Bengali people\|Bengali]], with a mix of [[Muslims]], [[Hindus]], [[Buddhists]], and [[Christians]]. The majority spoke [[Bengali language\|Bengali]], while [[Urdu]] was used in administrative and elite circles.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/16/bangladesh-liberation-war The Guardian: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>

	== Legacy ==		==Legacy==
	The legacy of East Pakistan remains significant in the history of Pakistan and Bangladesh. The struggles of East Pakistan contributed to the global discourse on self-determination, cultural identity, and language rights. The independence of Bangladesh also reshaped geopolitics in South Asia.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/12/15/bangladesh-liberation-40-years-on Al Jazeera: Legacy of East Pakistan]</ref>		The legacy of East Pakistan remains significant in the history of Pakistan and Bangladesh. The struggles of East Pakistan contributed to the global discourse on self-determination, cultural identity, and language rights. The independence of Bangladesh also reshaped geopolitics in South Asia.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/12/15/bangladesh-liberation-40-years-on Al Jazeera: Legacy of East Pakistan]</ref>

	== References ==		==References==
	<references/>		<references />

	== External Links ==		==External Links==
	* [https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Pakistan Encyclopaedia Britannica: East Pakistan]		*[https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Pakistan Encyclopaedia Britannica: East Pakistan]
	* [https://www.history.com/topics/asia/east-pakistan History.com: East Pakistan]		*[https://www.history.com/topics/asia/east-pakistan History.com: East Pakistan]
	* [https://liberationwarbangladesh.net/ Bangladesh Liberation War Archive]		*[https://liberationwarbangladesh.net/ Bangladesh Liberation War Archive]

Blossom: Created page with "{{Infobox former subdivision | native_name = পূর্ব পাকিস্তান (Purbo Pakistan) | common_name = East Pakistan | subdivision = Province | nation = Pakistan | era = Cold War | status = Province of Pakistan | year_start = 1955 | event_start = One Unit Policy | year_end = 1971 | event_end = Bangladesh Liberation War | event_post..."

2024-12-10T18:07:17Z

Created page with "{{Infobox former subdivision | native_name = পূর্ব পাকিস্তান (Purbo Pakistan) | common_name = East Pakistan | subdivision = Province | nation = Pakistan | era = Cold War | status = Province of Pakistan | year_start = 1955 | event_start = One Unit Policy | year_end = 1971 | event_end = Bangladesh Liberation War | event_post..."

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:07, 11 December 2024
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	~~'''~~East Pakistan~~''' was the eastern province~~ of [[Pakistan]] ~~from 1947 to~~ 1971~~, situated on the~~ [[~~Bay of Bengal~~]] ~~and geographically separated from~~ [[~~West Pakistan~~]] ~~(present-day Pakistan) by~~ [[~~India~~]]~~. Following the~~ [[~~Bangladesh Liberation War~~]] ~~in 1971~~, ~~it is now known as~~ [[~~Bangladesh~~]]~~. The history of East Pakistan is marked by political, linguistic, and economic disparities that ultimately led to the region's quest for independence.~~		{{Infobox former subdivision
	[[~~File:Map of East Pakistan on stamp.jpg~~\|~~thumb~~\|~~302x302px\|Map of East Pakistan]]~~		\| native_name = পূর্ব পাকিস্তান (Purbo Pakistan)
			\| common_name = East Pakistan
			\| subdivision = Province
			\| nation = [[Pakistan]]
			\| era = Cold War
			\| status = Province of Pakistan
			\| year_start = 1955
			\| event_start = [[One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy]]
			\| year_end = 1971
			\| event_end = [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]
			\| event_post = Emergence of [[Bangladesh]]
			\| capital = [[Dhaka]]
			\| largest_city = Dhaka
			\| languages = [[Bengali language\|Bengali]], [[Urdu language\|Urdu]]
			\| government_type = Provincial Government
			\| currency = [[Pakistani rupee]] (PKR)
			\| today = {{flag\|Bangladesh}}
			}}

	~~== Background ==~~		'''East Pakistan''' ({{lang-bn\|পূর্ব পাকিস্তান}}, ''Purbo Pakistan'') was a province of [[Pakistan]] from 1955 until 1971, covering the territory of modern-day [[Bangladesh]]. It was created under Pakistan's [[One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy]] and was geographically separated from [[West Pakistan]] by about 1,600 kilometers of Indian territory.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Pakistan Encyclopaedia Britannica: East Pakistan]</ref>
	East Pakistan was ~~created as~~ a ~~result~~ of the ~~partition~~ of [[~~British India~~]] ~~in 1947~~. ~~The two~~ geographically separated ~~wings of~~ [[Pakistan]], ~~West Pakistan and East Pakistan, shared little in terms~~ of ~~language, culture, and economic interests~~. ~~Urdu was chosen as the official language, which marginalized the Bengali~~-~~speaking majority in~~ East Pakistan~~, leading to early tensions.~~

	== ~~Linguistic and Cultural Divide~~ ==		== History ==
	~~The linguistic and cultural differences between~~ East ~~and West~~ Pakistan ~~were significant. The majority of~~ the ~~population in~~ East Pakistan ~~spoke Bengali, while Urdu was the official language~~. This ~~linguistic divide became a focal point for political and cultural grievances, leading~~ to ~~demands~~ for ~~the recognition of Bengali as an official language~~.		=== Formation ===
			East Pakistan was established in 1955 through the [[One Unit (Pakistan)\|One Unit Policy]], which merged Pakistan's provinces into two regions: East Pakistan and West Pakistan. This policy aimed to centralize power but was criticized for marginalizing East Pakistan.<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/asia/east-pakistan History.com: East Pakistan]</ref>

	== ~~Economic Disparities~~ ==		=== Political and Cultural Tensions ===
	~~The economic policies of~~ the ~~Pakistani~~ government ~~also contributed to discontent in~~ East Pakistan. ~~Despite its significant contribution~~ to the ~~economy through industries and agriculture~~, ~~the region felt marginalized~~ as ~~resources were often directed towards the development of West Pakistan~~. ~~This economic disparity fueled calls for greater autonomy~~.		Despite having a larger population, East Pakistan was underrepresented in the federal government. The cultural and linguistic differences between Bengali-speaking East Pakistan and Urdu-speaking West Pakistan exacerbated tensions. The imposition of Urdu as the sole national language led to the [[Bengali Language Movement]] of the 1950s, during which several students were killed in protests on [[February 21, 1952]], now observed as [[International Mother Language Day]].<ref>[https://www.un.org/en/observances/mother-language-day United Nations: International Mother Language Day]</ref>

	== ~~Political Unrest~~ ==		=== Economic Disparities ===
	~~The discontent in~~ East Pakistan ~~took a political turn with the~~ [[~~Bangladesh Awami League\|Awami League~~]]~~, led by~~ [[~~Sheikh Mujibur Rahman~~]], ~~demanding autonomy for~~ the ~~region. The Six-Point Movement~~ of ~~1966 sought more significant political and economic independence for~~ East Pakistan. ~~However, the government's response was to suppress these demands, further escalating tensions~~.		East Pakistan contributed significantly to Pakistan's economy through its export of [[jute]] and [[tea]], but it received less development funding compared to West Pakistan. These economic inequalities fueled resentment among the people of East Pakistan.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/asia/2011/12/17/a-long-shadow The Economist: East and West Pakistan]</ref>

	== ~~Bangladesh~~ Liberation War ==		=== Liberation War and Independence ===
	~~The culmination of~~ the ~~political~~, ~~linguistic~~, ~~and economic grievances~~ was ~~the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The military crackdown by the Pakistani government in response to demands for autonomy led~~ to widespread ~~atrocities~~, ~~prompting~~ the ~~people of East~~ Pakistan to ~~declare~~ independence.		In the 1970 general elections, the [[Awami League]] led by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] won a majority, but political power was not transferred, leading to widespread unrest. On March 25, 1971, the Pakistan Army launched [[Operation Searchlight]] to suppress the independence movement, resulting in significant casualties and human rights abuses.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16207201 BBC: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>

	~~== Independence and Aftermath ==~~		The conflict escalated into the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], and on December 16, 1971, East Pakistan emerged as the independent nation of [[Bangladesh]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/event/Bangladesh-Liberation-War Encyclopaedia Britannica: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>
	The [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] ~~concluded~~ on December 16, 1971, ~~with the surrender of Pakistani forces in [[Dhaka]].~~ East Pakistan emerged as the independent nation of Bangladesh~~, marking the end of the two-nation theory that led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947~~. ~~The conflict had far-reaching geopolitical implications, reshaping the political landscape of~~ [~~[South Asia\|South Asia~~.]]

	~~Bangladesh's creation ended~~ the ~~economic neglect~~ and ~~political marginalization that East Pakistan had experienced for years~~. The ~~new nation embarked on a journey of rebuilding and development~~, ~~establishing itself as a sovereign state with its own distinct identity~~.		== Geography ==
			East Pakistan was located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent, bordered by [[India]] to the west, north, and east, and [[Myanmar]] to the southeast. The region was characterized by the [[Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta]], making it prone to flooding but also agriculturally fertile.<ref>[https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/science-and-data/geography/10731 Natural Resources: River Delta Systems]</ref>

	[[~~Category~~:Pakistan]]		== Demographics ==
	[~~[Category~~:~~Pakistani provinces]~~]		The population of East Pakistan was predominantly [[Bengali people\|Bengali]], with a mix of [[Muslims]], [[Hindus]], [[Buddhists]], and [[Christians]]. The majority spoke [[Bengali language\|Bengali]], while [[Urdu]] was used in administrative and elite circles.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/16/bangladesh-liberation-war The Guardian: Bangladesh Liberation War]</ref>
	[~~[Category~~:Bangladesh]]
			== Legacy ==
			The legacy of East Pakistan remains significant in the history of Pakistan and Bangladesh. The struggles of East Pakistan contributed to the global discourse on self-determination, cultural identity, and language rights. The independence of Bangladesh also reshaped geopolitics in South Asia.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/12/15/bangladesh-liberation-40-years-on Al Jazeera: Legacy of East Pakistan]</ref>

			== References ==
			<references/>

			== External Links ==
			* [https://www.britannica.com/place/East-Pakistan Encyclopaedia Britannica: East Pakistan]
			* [https://www.history.com/topics/asia/east-pakistan History.com: East Pakistan]
			* [https://liberationwarbangladesh.net/ Bangladesh Liberation War Archive]

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'''East Pakistan''' was the eastern province of [[Pakistan]] from 1947 to 1971, situated on the [[Bay of Bengal]] and geographically separated from [[West Pakistan]] (present-day Pakistan) by [[India]]. Following the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971, it is now known as [[Bangladesh]]. The history of East Pakistan is marked by political, linguistic, and economic disparities that ultimately led to the region's quest for independence.
[[File:Map of East Pakistan on stamp.jpg|thumb|302x302px|Map of East Pakistan]]

== Background ==
East Pakistan was created as a result of the partition of [[British India]] in 1947. The two geographically separated wings of [[Pakistan]], West Pakistan and East Pakistan, shared little in terms of language, culture, and economic interests. Urdu was chosen as the official language, which marginalized the Bengali-speaking majority in East Pakistan, leading to early tensions.

== Linguistic and Cultural Divide ==
The linguistic and cultural differences between East and West Pakistan were significant. The majority of the population in East Pakistan spoke Bengali, while Urdu was the official language. This linguistic divide became a focal point for political and cultural grievances, leading to demands for the recognition of Bengali as an official language.

== Economic Disparities ==
The economic policies of the Pakistani government also contributed to discontent in East Pakistan. Despite its significant contribution to the economy through industries and agriculture, the region felt marginalized as resources were often directed towards the development of West Pakistan. This economic disparity fueled calls for greater autonomy.

== Political Unrest ==
The discontent in East Pakistan took a political turn with the [[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]], led by [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], demanding autonomy for the region. The Six-Point Movement of 1966 sought more significant political and economic independence for East Pakistan. However, the government's response was to suppress these demands, further escalating tensions.

== Bangladesh Liberation War ==
The culmination of the political, linguistic, and economic grievances was the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The military crackdown by the Pakistani government in response to demands for autonomy led to widespread atrocities, prompting the people of East Pakistan to declare independence.

== Independence and Aftermath ==
The [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] concluded on December 16, 1971, with the surrender of Pakistani forces in [[Dhaka]]. East Pakistan emerged as the independent nation of Bangladesh, marking the end of the two-nation theory that led to the creation of Pakistan in 1947. The conflict had far-reaching geopolitical implications, reshaping the political landscape of [[South Asia|South Asia.]]

Bangladesh's creation ended the economic neglect and political marginalization that East Pakistan had experienced for years. The new nation embarked on a journey of rebuilding and development, establishing itself as a sovereign state with its own distinct identity.

[[Category:Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani provinces]]
[[Category:Bangladesh]]