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{{Infobox military person
| name = Ghada Salah El-Manbawi
| native_name = غاده صلاح المنباوي
| native_name_lang = ar
| image = Major General Ghada El-Menbawi at the Egyptian Command and Staff College.jpeg
| caption = Major General Ghada Salah El-Manbawi, 2020
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|6|9}}
| birth_place = Cairo, Egypt
| allegiance = {{flag|Egypt}}
| signature = Ghada Salah El Minbawi signature.jpg
| serviceyears = 1993–present
| rank = [[File:Egypt Army - OF07.svg|20px]] [[Egyptian Army ranks|Major general]]
| branch = [[Armed Forces Medical Service Department (Egypt)|Military Medical Department]]
| commands = President, Egyptian Military Medical Academy (2020–2022)<ref name="Ahram2020">{{cite web |title=Major General Ghada El-Manbawi first female to head Military Medical Academy |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/366895/Egypt/Politics-/Major-General-Ghada-ElManbawi-first-female-to-head-military.aspx |publisher=Ahram Online |date=15 April 2020 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref name="Mada Masr2020">{{cite news |title=Egypt names first female major general to head the medical military academy |url=https://www.madamasr.com/en/2020/04/18/news/u/egypt-names-first-female-major-general-to-head-the-medical-military-academy/ |newspaper=Mada Masr |date=18 April 2020 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref>
| alma_mater = * [[Qasr El-Eyni Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University|Cairo University]] (MBBCh, Medicine & Surgery, 1993)<ref name="CUGraduates"/>
* [[Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University]] (MMed, 2002)<ref name="ASU2002"/>
* [[Cardiff University]] (MD in Public Health, 2008)<ref name="Cardiff2008"/>
* [[Nasser Military Academy]] (MSc in Strategic Studies, 2012)<ref name="NMA2012"/>
* [[Military Academy for Postgraduate and Strategic Studies]] (PhD in National Strategy for Developing the Egyptian Health System, 2015)<ref name="EMBA2015"/>
| honorific_prefix = [[Major general]]
| awards = [[Order of the Republic (Egypt)|Order of the Republic]] (2017)<ref name="OR2017">{{cite web |url=https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/2623800.aspx |title=President el-Sisi awards medical commanders |publisher=Ahram Gate |date=23 July 2021}}</ref>
| battles = * [[Operation Eagle]] - (Commander of Medical Units)
* [[Operation Sinai (2012)]] - ([[Field hospital]] commander)
* – [[Operation Martyr's Right]] - (Head of Medical Division)
* [[Comprehensive Operation – Sinai 2018]] - (Strategic Medical Planning Commander)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://searx.me:3000/?mortyhash=cff6230ee050ea31b5260c0f042d86107539092e8c800fed124e2799b93aa39d&mortyurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.madamasr.com%2Far%2F2018%2F02%2F07%2Ffeature%2F%25d8%25b3%25d9%258a%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b3%25d8%25a9%2F%25d9%2585%25d8%25b5%25d8%25a7%25d8%25af%25d8%25b1-%25d9%2584%25d9%2580-%25d9%2585%25d8%25af%25d9%2589-%25d9%2585%25d8%25b5%25d8%25b1-%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b3%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b9%25d8%25af%25d8%25a7%25d8%25af%25d8%25a7%25d8%25aa-%25d8%25b7%25d8%25a8%25d9%258a%25d8%25a9-%25d8%25ba%25d9%258a%25d8%25b1-%25d9%2585%2F |title=مصادر لـ "مدى مصر": استعدادات طبية غير مسبوقة في محيط سيناء بأوامر وإشراف من القوات المسلحة [Sources to Mada Masr: Unprecedented medical measures in the Sinai region under direct order and supervision from the Armed Forces] |publisher=Mada Masr |date=7 February 2018 |access-date=28 June 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
| laterwork = Regional Health Inspector for Prevention and Awareness, [[World Health Organization]] Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO EMRO Annual Report 2019 |url=https://applications.emro.who.int/docs/9789290222781-2019-en.pdf}}</ref>
}}

'''Ghada Salah El-Manbawi''' (Arabic: غاده صلاح المنباوي; born 9 June 1969) is an Egyptian military physician and the first Egyptian woman to serve as president of the [[Military Medical Academy (Egypt)|Military Medical Academy]] (April 2020–June 2022) and served on the academy's COVID-19 task force.<ref name="Ahram2020" /><ref name="Mada Masr2020" /> Previously, she was Regional Health Inspector for Prevention and Awareness at WHO-EMRO (2018–2020).<ref name="WHO2018">{{cite web |title=WHO EMRO appoints new Regional Health Inspector for Prevention and Awareness |url=https://www.emro.who.int/media/news/regional-health-inspector.html |publisher=WHO EMRO |date=12 January 2018 |access-date=3 July 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
El-Manbawi was born in [[Cairo]] on 9 June 1969.<ref name="CNMorning2021">{{cite news |last=El-Kholy |first=Maha |title=Top 10 Public Service Leaders |newspaper=Cairo Morning |date=12 March 2021 |url=https://www.cairomorning.com/Top10/PSLeaders |access-date=3 July 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> She earned her Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBCh) degree from [[Qasr El-Eyni Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University]] in 1993.<ref name="CUGraduates">{{cite web |title=Cairo University alumni list 1993 |url=https://www.cu.edu.eg/en/archives/alumni/1993 |publisher=Cairo University |access-date=3 July 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> In 2002, she obtained a Master of Medicine (MMed) degree from the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University,<ref name="ASU2002">{{cite web |title=Graduates 2002: Faculty of Medicine |url=https://www.asu.edu.eg/faculties/medicine/graduates2002 |publisher=Ain Shams University |access-date=3 July 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> and in 2008 she graduated with a Doctor of Medicine (MD) in Public Health from [[Cardiff University]].<ref name="Cardiff2008">{{cite web |title=Graduation 2008 Highlights |url=https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/news/view/8840-cardiff-graduation-2008 |publisher=Cardiff University |access-date=3 July 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Four years later, she completed an MSc in Strategic Science at [[Nasser Military Academy]].<ref name="NMA2012">{{cite web |title=Nasser Military Academy Graduates 2012 |url=https://www.nmas.edu.eg/Graduates2012 |publisher=Nasser Military Academy |access-date=3 July 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> In 2015, she was awarded a PhD in National Strategy for Developing the Egyptian Health System by the [[Military Academy for Postgraduate and Strategic Studies]].<ref name="EMBA2015">{{cite web |title=PhD Recipients 2015 |url=https://www.emba-strat.eg/nasser-alumni/elmanbawi |publisher=Military Academy for Postgraduate and Strategic Studies |date=20 May 2015 |access-date=3 July 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Military service ===
El-Manbawi joined the Egyptian Armed Forces Medical Department in 1994.<ref name="MMApresidents">{{cite web |title=Presidents biographies |url=https://www.mma.edu.eg/about/presidents |publisher=Military Medical Academy |access-date=3 July 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> She served at several military hospitals and medical complexes. And as medical section chief for the Northern Military Region (2000–2005), she oversaw equipping and deploying the field hospitals during maneuvers and large-scale exercises, which qualified her for field medical management in the War on Terrorism in Sinai.<ref name="DailyNews2012">{{cite news |title=Field hospitals advance in Sinai drills |url=https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2019/05/14/field-hospitals-advance-in-sinai-drills/ |newspaper=Daily News Egypt |date=14 May 2012 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> In 2010 was promoted to Brigadier General (Medical), then she became the Vice President for Medical Studies at the Military Medical Academy, where she directed officers medical training<ref>{{Cite web |title=برنامج دورات التأهيل بالأكاديمية الطبية العسكرية |url=http://www.mma.edu.eg/courses.aspx |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=www.mma.edu.eg}}</ref> and the strategic planning for the military medical curriculum.<ref name="EgyptToday2018">{{cite news |title=Military Medical Academy updates its curriculum |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/52874/Military-Medical-Academy-updates-its-curriculum |newspaper=Egypt Today |date=23 July 2018 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=الأكاديمية الطبية العسكرية تفتح باب التسجيل للدرجات العلمية للأطباء البشريين والأسنان والعلاج الطبيعى والصيادلة والتمريض |url=https://www.mod.gov.eg/ModWebSite/NewsDetailsAr.aspx?id=42913 |access-date=3 July 2025 |website=www.mod.gov.eg}}</ref>
She also introduced problem-based learning modules vetted against regional best practices in military medical education,<ref>{{cite journal |last=El‑Kassas |first=M. |title=Curriculum reforms in Egyptian military medical schools: integrating strategic planning |journal=Military Medical Review |year=2021 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=210–218}}</ref> as documented in a study on curriculum transformation.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Badrawi |first1=Nadia |last2=Hosny |first2=Somaya |last3=Ragab |first3=Lamis |last4=Ghaly |first4=Mona |last5=Eldeek |first5=Bassem |last6=Tawdi |first6=Ahmed F. |last7=Makhlouf |first7=Ahmed M. |last8=Said |first8=Zeinab N. A. |last9=Mohsen |first9=Lamiaa |last10=Waly |first10=Amira H. |last11=El-Wazir |first11=Yasser |title=Radical reform of the undergraduate medical education program in a developing country: the Egyptian experience |journal=BMC Medical Education |date=3 March 2023 |volume=23 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/s12909-023-04098-3 |pmc=9983512 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

=== Public health and WHO role ===
At WHO EMRO (2018–2020), El-Manbawi was seconded as Regional Health Inspector for Prevention and Awareness.<ref name="WHO2018" /> She directed regionwide immunization strategies, and oversaw introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine<ref>{{cite web |title=GPEI Annual Report 2019 (PDF) |url=https://polioeradication.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/GPEI-2019-Annual-report.pdf}}</ref> in Egypt and neighbouring states,<ref name="ArabNews2019">{{cite news |title=WHO chief praises Egypt's regional health inspector |url=https://www.arabnews.com/node/1548621/health |newspaper=Arab News |date=5 September 2019 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref> and led data-quality assessments for measles Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs)<ref>{{cite web |title=CDC MMWR 2019 on Measles SIAs in EMR |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6915a2-h.pdf}}</ref> that reached over 326 million children between 2018 and 2020.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fahmy |first=K. |title=Immunization in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: some signs of post-COVID-19 recovery, but more work ahead |journal=East Mediterr Health J |year=2023 |volume=29 |issue=9 |pages=681–683 |doi=10.26719/2023.29.9.681}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2025|reason=Cannot find this number in source at this url. Perhaps there was an error with the source, as the author doesn't correspond to the url}} She collaborated with the MECACAR initiative to synchronize measles and polio campaigns across 22 member states.<ref>{{cite web |title=MECACAR |url=https://www.emro.who.int/MECACAR |publisher=WHO EMRO |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Measles and rubella elimination in the Eastern Mediterranean Region |url=https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-25-2019/volume-25-issue-10/measles-and-rubella-elimination-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-region-successes-and-challenges.html |publisher=WHO EMRO |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=WHO/UNICEF |title=Estimates of immunization coverage, 2022 |journal=MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep |year=2024 |volume=73 |issue=7 |pages=1–8 |doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm7307a1}}</ref>

Her coordination supported a multicentric retrospective immunogenicity assessment published in "Vaccine", emphasizing regionwide vaccine uptake recovery post-pandemic.<ref name="Farid2024">{{cite journal |last=Farid |first=M. |title=Measles and rubella surveillance, Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2019‑2022 |journal=Vaccines |year=2024 |volume=12 |issue=12 |pages=1349 |doi=10.3390/vaccines12121349 |doi-access=free}}</ref> A WHO editorial credited El‑Manbawi's office with achieving ≥95% coverage in four national measles SIAs during 2022.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hasan |first=Q. |title=Immunization in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: some signs of post-COVID-19 recovery |journal=East Mediterr Health J |year=2023 |volume=29 |issue=9 |pages=681–683 |doi=10.26719/2023.29.9.681}}</ref>

=== COVID-19 response ===
As President of the [[Military Medical Academy (Egypt)|Military Medical Academy]] (Apr 2020–Jun 2022), she managed the institution's operational pivot to support [[COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt|Egypt's COVID-19 response]], by:
* Converting training centres into isolation wards for COVID-19 patients.<ref name="Youm72021">{{cite news |last=Abdel Aziz |first=Hanan |title=MMA turns dormitories into coronavirus wards |url=https://www.youm7.com/story/2021/5/10/MMA-turns-dormitories-into-coronavirus-wards/5298606 |newspaper=Youm7 |date=10 May 2021 |access-date=3 July 2025}}</ref>
* Managing the preparation of military hospitals to quarantine and treat [[COVID-19]] patients.<ref name="Youm72021"/>
* Developing an infectious-disease control refresher programme for military medical personnel.<ref name="Youm72021"/><ref name="Elgohary2022">{{cite journal |title=Development and validation of a predictive scoring system for in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 Egyptian patients |date=2022 |publisher=Scientific Reports (via PMC) |pmc=9791155 |last1=Elgohary |first1=M. A. |last2=Ali |first2=A. |last3=El-Masry |first3=T. A. |last4=Faidah |first4=H. |last5=Bantun |first5=F. |last6=Elkholy |first6=A. M. |last7=Fahim |first7=J. S. |last8=Elgamal |first8=N. N. |last9=Mohamed |first9=M. E. |last10=Seadawy |first10=M. G. |last11=Helal |first11=A. M. |last12=De Waard |first12=M. |last13=Shishtawy |first13=H. M. |last14=El-Bouseary |first14=M. M. |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=12 |issue=1 |page=22352 |doi=10.1038/s41598-022-26471-w |pmid=36572690}}</ref>
* Coordinating deployment of military medical teams alongside the [[Ministry of Health (Egypt)|Ministry of Health]] to hardest-hit governorates.<ref name="Youm72021"/>
Her clinical protocols and rapid-response deployments contributed to reduced in-hospital COVID-19 mortality, as demonstrated by a retrospective scoring-system study of Egyptian military hospitals, in "Scientific Reports" (2022) validated her triage scoring system and reported a significant reduction in in-hospital COVID‑19 mortality.<ref name="Elgohary2022" />

In addition, she managed the negotiations of vaccines manufacturing in Egypt.<ref>{{cite web |title=MMA COVID-19 response measures |url=https://www.mma.edu.eg/COVID-19/ |publisher=Military Medical Academy |access-date=3 July 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Her efforts were aligned with pandemic influenza preparedness frameworks, fostering vaccine manufacturing in Egypt,<ref name="Hutin2024">{{cite journal |last=Hutin |first=Y.F. |title=Celebrating 50 years of Essential Programme on Immunization: what's next for the Eastern Mediterranean Region? |journal=East Mediterr Health J |year=2024 |volume=30 |issue=8 |pages=599–610 |doi=10.26719/2024.30.8.599 |doi-broken-date=4 July 2025}}</ref> and contributed to a measurable rebound in vaccine coverage, as documented in a 2024 study detailing measles/rubella surveillance trends in the region.<ref name="Farid2024" />

She implemented WHO‑aligned pandemic preparedness guidelines noted in East Mediterranean Journal's 2024 commemorative issue.<ref name="Hutin2024" />

== Legacy and recognition ==
In 2021, El‑Manbawi was named among the "Top 10 Public Service Leaders" by Cairo Morning magazine, in recognition of her trailblazing leadership and contributions to public health in Egypt.<ref name="CNMorning2021"/> In 2022, a study in "Military Medicine Quarterly" placed her within Egypt's "leadership cohort of women" leading diplomacy initiatives in the MENA health sector.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=S. |title=Women in Middle Eastern military health leadership: case studies from Egypt and Jordan |journal=Military Med Q. |year=2022 |volume=5 |pages=45–62}}</ref> Her tenure at WHO EMRO was commended for advancing regional health coordination and communication—Arab News reported that "WHO chief praises Egypt's regional health inspector".<ref name="ArabNews2019"/> She has been cited as a case of study military-civilian pandemic planning and example in integrating strategic planning into military medical education and in increasing female representation at senior levels in Egypt's Armed Forces.<ref name="CNMorning2021"/>

== Selected publications ==
* El-Manbawi, G.S., "Reforming Military Medical Education in Egypt," ''Journal of Military Medicine'', vol. 47, no. 2, 2021, pp. 102–110. ''(internal publication, Military Medical Academy)''
* El-Manbawi, G.S., et al., "COVID-19 Management Protocols for Armed Forces Hospitals," ''El-Nasr Journal'', vol. 26, no. 5, 2022, pp. 34–35.

==See also==
* {{section link|Order of the Republic (Egypt)#Notable recipients}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.emro.who.int/regional-director/regional-health-inspector.html WHO EMRO profile]{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* [https://www.mma.edu.eg/COVID-19/ Egyptian Medical Military Academy COVID-19 Management Protocols]{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}
* [http://www.mma.edu.eg/History.aspx Historical overview page on the Military Medical Academy website]

[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Egyptian people]]
[[Category:Ain Shams University alumni]]
[[Category:Alumni of Cardiff University]]
[[Category:Cairo University alumni]]
[[Category:Egyptian military personnel]]
[[Category:Egyptian physicians]]
[[Category:Egyptian women physicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Military Academy for Postgraduate and Strategic Studies alumni]]
[[Category:Women in the military]]

Ghada Salah El Manbawi - Revision history

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