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{{SHORTDESC:Religion}}
{{Infobox religion
Buddhism (/ˈbʊdɪzəm/ BUUD-ih-zəm, US also /ˈbuːd-/ BOOD-), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.It is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 520 million followers, known as Buddhists, who comprise seven percent of the global population.Buddhism arose in the eastern Gangetic plain as a śramaṇa–movement in the 5th century BCE, and gradually spread throughout much of Asia. It has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to the West in the 20th century.
| name            = Buddhism
| image            = Dharmachakra.svg
| caption          = The Dharmachakra, a symbol of Buddhism
| type            = [[Dharmic religion]]
| scripture        = [[Tripitaka]] and other texts
| founder          = [[Siddhartha Gautama]] (Buddha)
| founded          = c. 5th–4th century BCE
| region          = [[Indian subcontinent]]
| languages        = [[Pali]], [[Sanskrit]], others
| followers        = 535 million<ref name="Pew">[https://www.pewforum.org/ Pew Research Center: Buddhism]</ref>
| percentage      = 6% of global population
| headquarters    = None
| website          = None
}}
 
'''Buddhism''' is a [[Dharmic religion]] and philosophy founded in ancient [[India]] by [[Siddhartha Gautama]], known as the Buddha ("the Enlightened One"). It emphasizes ethical living, meditation, and insight into the nature of reality to achieve liberation from suffering and the cycle of birth and rebirth ([[Samsara]]).<ref name="Britannica">[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism Encyclopaedia Britannica: Buddhism]</ref>
 
== History ==
Buddhism originated in the 5th–4th century BCE in the Indian subcontinent. Siddhartha Gautama, born as a prince in [[Lumbini]], modern-day [[Nepal]], renounced worldly life to seek the truth about human suffering. After attaining enlightenment under the [[Bodhi tree]] in [[Bodh Gaya]], he spent his life teaching the [[Four Noble Truths]] and the [[Eightfold Path]].<ref>[https://www.history.com/topics/religion/buddhism History.com: Buddhism]</ref>
 
The religion spread across Asia through trade routes and missionaries, evolving into distinct traditions such as:
* **Theravāda**: Practiced in [[Sri Lanka]], [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], and other parts of Southeast Asia.
* **Mahayana**: Popular in [[China]], [[Japan]], and [[Korea]].
* **Vajrayana**: Prominent in [[Tibet]] and [[Mongolia]].
 
== Core Beliefs ==
Buddhism is based on several foundational principles:
 
=== The Four Noble Truths ===
1. Life is marked by suffering (''Dukkha'').
2. Suffering is caused by craving and attachment (''Tanha'').
3. There is a way to end suffering (''Nirvana'').
4. The path to liberation is the [[Eightfold Path]].<ref>[https://www.buddhanet.net/fundbud1.htm Buddhanet: The Four Noble Truths]</ref>
 
=== The Eightfold Path ===
The path consists of:
1. Right View
2. Right Intention
3. Right Speech
4. Right Action
5. Right Livelihood
6. Right Effort
7. Right Mindfulness
8. Right Concentration
 
These guide ethical conduct, mental discipline, and wisdom.<ref>[https://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bodhi/waytoend.html Access to Insight: The Eightfold Path]</ref>
 
== Scriptures ==
Buddhist teachings are preserved in texts such as:
* The ''[[Tripitaka]]'' (Pali Canon): The earliest collection of Buddhist scriptures.
* The ''Mahayana Sutras'': Texts central to Mahayana Buddhism.
* The ''Tibetan Book of the Dead'': A key Vajrayana text.<ref name="Britannica"/>
 
== Practices ==
Common practices in Buddhism include:
* **Meditation**: For mindfulness and concentration.
* **Ethical Conduct**: Following the [[Five Precepts]].
* **Puja (Worship)**: Rituals performed at temples or home altars.<ref>[https://www.learnreligions.com/buddhist-practices-449737 Learn Religions: Buddhist Practices]</ref>
 
== Spread and Influence ==
Buddhism has influenced art, philosophy, and culture globally. It is practiced by over 535 million people, primarily in [[Asia]], with growing communities in the [[West]].<ref name="Pew"/>
 
== Modern Buddhism ==
In the 20th century, Buddhism gained attention in the West through teachers like [[Thich Nhat Hanh]] and the [[Dalai Lama]]. Movements such as Engaged Buddhism focus on applying Buddhist principles to social and environmental issues.<ref>[https://www.lionsroar.com/what-is-engaged-buddhism/ Lion’s Roar: Engaged Buddhism]</ref>
 
== References ==
<references/>
 
== External Links ==
* [https://www.buddhanet.net/ BuddhaNet]
* [https://www.dalailama.com/ Official Website of the Dalai Lama]
* [https://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/index.htm Sacred Texts: Buddhism]

Revision as of 16:00, 24 December 2024

Buddhist
File:Dharmachakra.svg
The Dharmachakra, a symbol of Buddhism
Type Dharmic religion
Founder Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)
Languages Pali, Sanskrit, others
Website [None Official website]


Buddhism is a Dharmic religion and philosophy founded in ancient India by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha ("the Enlightened One"). It emphasizes ethical living, meditation, and insight into the nature of reality to achieve liberation from suffering and the cycle of birth and rebirth (Samsara).[1]

History

Buddhism originated in the 5th–4th century BCE in the Indian subcontinent. Siddhartha Gautama, born as a prince in Lumbini, modern-day Nepal, renounced worldly life to seek the truth about human suffering. After attaining enlightenment under the Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, he spent his life teaching the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.[2]

The religion spread across Asia through trade routes and missionaries, evolving into distinct traditions such as:

Core Beliefs

Buddhism is based on several foundational principles:

The Four Noble Truths

1. Life is marked by suffering (Dukkha). 2. Suffering is caused by craving and attachment (Tanha). 3. There is a way to end suffering (Nirvana). 4. The path to liberation is the Eightfold Path.[3]

The Eightfold Path

The path consists of: 1. Right View 2. Right Intention 3. Right Speech 4. Right Action 5. Right Livelihood 6. Right Effort 7. Right Mindfulness 8. Right Concentration

These guide ethical conduct, mental discipline, and wisdom.[4]

Scriptures

Buddhist teachings are preserved in texts such as:

  • The Tripitaka (Pali Canon): The earliest collection of Buddhist scriptures.
  • The Mahayana Sutras: Texts central to Mahayana Buddhism.
  • The Tibetan Book of the Dead: A key Vajrayana text.[1]

Practices

Common practices in Buddhism include:

  • **Meditation**: For mindfulness and concentration.
  • **Ethical Conduct**: Following the Five Precepts.
  • **Puja (Worship)**: Rituals performed at temples or home altars.[5]

Spread and Influence

Buddhism has influenced art, philosophy, and culture globally. It is practiced by over 535 million people, primarily in Asia, with growing communities in the West.[6]

Modern Buddhism

In the 20th century, Buddhism gained attention in the West through teachers like Thich Nhat Hanh and the Dalai Lama. Movements such as Engaged Buddhism focus on applying Buddhist principles to social and environmental issues.[7]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Encyclopaedia Britannica: Buddhism
  2. ↑ History.com: Buddhism
  3. ↑ Buddhanet: The Four Noble Truths
  4. ↑ Access to Insight: The Eightfold Path
  5. ↑ Learn Religions: Buddhist Practices
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pew
  7. ↑ Lion’s Roar: Engaged Buddhism
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