Muhammad
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| Muhammad | |
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| Calligraphic representation of Muhammad's name | |
| Born | c. 570 |
| Birthplace | Mecca, Hejaz, Arabian Peninsula |
| Died | 8 June 632 |
| Death Place | Medina, Hejaz, Arabian Peninsula |
| Title | Prophet |
Muhammad (مُحَمَّد; c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muslims believe he was the last prophet (Seal of the Prophets) sent by God (Allah) to guide humanity.[1]
Early Life
Muhammad was born in 570 CE in Mecca, a city in the Hejaz region of the Arabian Peninsula. He belonged to the Quraysh tribe and was raised by his uncle, Abu Talib, after becoming an orphan at a young age.[2] He was known for his honesty and was called Al-Amin (the Trustworthy).[3]
Prophethood
At the age of 40, Muhammad began receiving divine revelations through the angel Jibreel (Gabriel) while meditating in the Cave of Hira. These revelations continued for 23 years and were compiled into the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam.[4]
Message and Opposition
Muhammad's message emphasized monotheism, social justice, and ethical conduct. It attracted followers but also opposition from the Meccan elites, who saw it as a threat to their power.[5] In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina in an event known as the Hijra, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar.[6]
Medina and the Islamic State
In Medina, Muhammad established a community governed by Islamic principles, uniting tribes under the Constitution of Medina. He became both a spiritual and political leader.[7] Over the next decade, he led military campaigns, signed treaties, and spread Islam across the Arabian Peninsula.[8]
Conquest of Mecca
In 630 CE, Muhammad returned to Mecca with an army and peacefully took control of the city. He cleansed the Kaaba of idols and dedicated it to the worship of Allah.[9]
Death
Muhammad died on 8 June 632 CE in Medina at the age of 63. He was buried in his home, now part of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi mosque.[10]
Legacy
Muhammad's teachings and leadership laid the foundation for the Islamic civilization, which has influenced the world in areas such as law, science, art, and philosophy.[11] He is revered as the final prophet in Islam and serves as a role model for Muslims worldwide.[12]
See also
References
- ↑ "Muhammad". https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad.
- ↑ "Early Life of Muhammad". https://www.history.com/topics/religion/muhammad.
- ↑ "Life of the Prophet Muhammad". https://www.biography.com/religious-figure/muhammad.
- ↑ "Muhammad’s First Revelation". https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran.
- ↑ "Muhammad in Mecca". https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad/Muhammad-in-Mecca.
- ↑ "Hijra and Medina". https://www.history.com/topics/religion/hijra.
- ↑ "Medina and the Islamic State". https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad/Muhammad-in-Medina.
- ↑ "Muhammad as a Statesman". https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/muhammad.shtml.
- ↑ "Conquest of Mecca". https://www.britannica.com/event/Conquest-of-Mecca.
- ↑ "Death of Muhammad". https://www.britannica.com/biography/Muhammad/Death-of-Muhammad.
- ↑ "Legacy of Muhammad". https://www.history.com/topics/religion/muhammad.
- ↑ "Muhammad in Islam". https://www.britannica.com/topic/Muhammad-in-Islam.